The Empire of Islam and Life of Muhammad ( PBUH ) | The Rise of Islam
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The Empire of Islam and Life of Muhammad ( PBUH )
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Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim (Arabic: محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد المطلب) (c. 570 -- 632), in short form Muhammad and sometimes Mohammed or, particularly in the past, Mahomet, is considered in Islam to be a messenger (Quran 48:29) and prophet sent by God to guide humanity to the right way (Quran 7:157). He is considered by many groups that identify as Muslim to be the Khatim an-Nabuwwah, last in a series of prophets sent by Allah (God); other groups also identifying as Islamic, such as the Ahmadiyya, consider that there have been later, lesser prophets. The Quran, which is the central religious text of Islam, is believed by Muslims to have been revealed to Muhammad by God; and the religious, social, and political tenets that Muhammad established in the light of Quran became the foundation of Islam and Islamic civilization.
He is usually referred to as Prophet Muhammad or just The Prophet by Muslims, and regarded as the greatest of all the prophets, and his established religion as the only accepted religion to God (Quran 3:19). He is seen by Muslims as a possessor of all virtues. As an act of respect Muslims follow the name of Muhammad by the Arabic benediction "sallallahu `alayhi wa sallam" (Peace be upon him, sometimes abbreviated S.A.W.), a practice instructed by Quran and Hadith. The deeds and sayings in the life of Muhammad -- known as Sunnah -- are considered a model of the life-style that Muslims are obliged to follow. Recognizing Muhammad as God's true messenger is one of the central requirements in Islam which is clearly laid down in the second part of Shahadah, the Islamic proclamation of faith: "There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah". The Quran chiefly refers to Muhammad as "Messenger" and "Messenger of Allah" (Quran 48:29), and asks people to follow him so as to become successful in the afterlife (Quran 3:132).
Born in about 570 CE into a respected Quraysh family of Mecca, Muhammad earned the nickname "al-Amin" (Arabic: الامين), meaning "the Faithful". At the age of 40 in 610 CE, Muhammad is said to have received his first verbal revelation in a cave named Mount Hira, which was the beginning of the descent of the Quran that continued up to the end of his life; and Muslims hold that Muhammad was asked by God to preach the "oneness of God" in order to stamp out idolatry, a practice overtly present in Arab society. Because of persecution of the newly converted Muslims, upon the invitation of a delegation from Medina (then known as Yathrib), Muhammad and his followers migrated there in 622 CE, an event known as Hijra (Hegira). A turning point in Muhammad's life, this Hijra also marks the beginning of Islamic calendar. In Medina Muhammad sketched out the Constitution of Medina specifying the rights of and relations among the various existing communities there, formed an independent Muslim community (Ummah), and managed to established the first Islamic state. Despite the ongoing hostility of the Meccans, Muhammad, along with his followers, took control of Mecca in 630 CE., treated its citizens with generosity, and ordered to destroy all the pagan idols. In later years in Medina, Muhammad unified the different Arab tribes under Islam, carried out social and religious reforms, and made administrative developments that further consolidated the Islamic community. By the time he died in 632, his teachings had won the acceptance of Islam by almost all the tribes of the Arabian Peninsula.
In the Quran[advexon]
The Quran enumerates little about Muhammad’s early life or other biographic details, but it talks about his prophetic mission, his moral excellence, and theological issues regarding Muhammad. According to the Quran, Muhammad is the last in a chain of prophets sent by God (33:40). Throughout the Quran, Muhammad is referred to as "Messenger", "Messenger of God", and "Prophet". Some of such verses are 2:101, 2:143, 2:151, 3:32, 3:81, 3:144, 3:164, 4:79-80, 5:15, 5:41, 7:157, 8:01, 9:3, 33:40, 48:29, and 66:09. Other terms are used, including "Warner", "bearer of glad tidings", and the "one who invites people to a Single God" (Quran 12:108, and 33:45-46). The Quran asserts that Muhammad was a man who possessed the highest moral excellence, and that God made him a good example or a "goodly model" for Muslims to follow (Quran 68:4, and 33:21). The Quran disclaims any superhuman characteristics for Muhammad,[20] but describes him in terms of positive human qualities. In several verses, the Quran crystallizes Muhammad’s relation to humanity. According to the Quran, God sent Muhammad with truth (God’s message to humanity), and as a blessing to the whole world (Quran 39:33, and 21:107). In Islamic tradition, this means that God sent Muhammad with his message to humanity the following of which will give people salvation in the afterlife, and it is Muhammad’s teachings and the purity of his personal life alone which keep alive the worship of God on this world.
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Muhammad and the Quran[pbuh]
To Muslims, the Quran is the verbatim word of God which was revealed, through Gabriel, to Muhammad who delivered it to people without any change (Quran 26:192-195, 53:2-5). Thus, there exists a deep relationship between Muhammad and the Quran. Muslims believe that as a recipient of the Quran, Muhammad was the man who best understood the meaning of the Quran, was its chief interpreter, and was granted by God "the understanding of all levels of Quran's meaning". In Islamic theology, if a report of Muhammad’s Quranic interpretation is held to be authentic, then no other interpretative statement has higher theoretical value or importance than that.
In Islamic belief, though the inner message of all the divine revelations given to Muhammad is essentially the same, there has been a "gradual evolution toward a final, perfect revelation". It is in this case that Muhammad's revelation excels the previous ones as Muhammad’s revelation is considered by the Muslims to be "the completion, culmination, and perfection of all the previous revelations". Consequently, when the Quran declares that Muhammad is the final prophet after which there will be no future prophet (33:40), it is also meant that the Quran is the last revealed divine book.
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